In our series exploring Cardano's more than 30 network parameters, we turn our attention to **price_mem**, the critical counterpart to [link post_id=316 /] that determines how much users pay for memory consumption in smart contract operations. While price_step governs computational processing costs, **price_mem** sets the price for memory allocation. This means every byte of data storage, variable declaration, and intermediate computation that Plutus scripts require during execution. As of this writing, the current value is 577/10,000 lovelace per memory unit....

Cardano has over 30 network parameters–the mechanisms that control how the Cardano Blockchain works. In this installment of our ongoing exploration of Cardano's network parameters, we turn our attention to **price_step**, one half of the critical executionPrices configuration that determines how much users pay for smart contract operations. While its partner price_mem governs the cost of memory usage, **price_step** sets the price for computational processing power—every logical operation, cryptographic calculation, and algorithmic step executed by Plutus scripts. As of December...

Cardano ina vigezo karibu 30 vya mtandao. Vigezo ni taratibu zinazodhibiti jinsi Blockchain ya Cardano inavyofanya kazi. Leo, tunaangalia kwa kina utaratibu ambao una jukumu muhimu katika mfano wa shughuli ya Cardano. Kigezo chetu cha siku ni kigezo cha 'min_fee_b'. Kwa mtazamo wa kwanza, jina linaweza kuonekana kuwa la fumbo, lakini kigezo cha min_fee_b kina jukumu la msingi karibu kila wakati unapotia saini shughuli. Wakati shughuli inafanywa kwenye mtandao wa Cardano, ada fulani inahusishwa nayo. Ada hii hutekeleza majukumu kadhaa:...

Leo tunazungumza juu ya parameta ambayo ni ya zamani kama sarafu na pesa yenyewe. Kigezo chetu cha leo ni** ‘monetary-expand- rate.’** Hiki ndicho kigezo kinachodhibiti kiwango ambacho Ada katika hifadhi inawekwa kwenye mzunguko. Sarafu ya Cardano ina usambazaji wa kudumu wa bilioni 45. Hata hivyo, si zote bilioni 45 zinapatikana kwa umma kuzitumia. Hapo awali, zaidi ya Bilioni 31 zilitolewa. Kiasi kilichobaki kiliwekwa kwenye hifadhi. Kila baada ya siku tano, wakati malipo ya motisha kwa njia ya malipo ya hisa...

Kufikia uchapishaji huu, Cardano ina takriban vigezo 30 vya mtandao. Vigezo hivi ni taratibu zinazodhibiti jinsi Blockchain ya Cardano inavyofanya kazi. Leo, tunazungumza juu ya moja ya vigezo vya zamani zaidi, parameta ya Ugatuaji - pia inajulikana kama **parameta ya "D"**. Wakati parameter ya 'D' sasa imestaafu, ni sehemu ya kuvutia ya hadithi ya asili ya Cardano. ## Kwa hivyo ilikuwa ya nini? Kila blockchain huanza na watu wachache kujiunga na mtandao. Kisha, polepole, wengine kote ulimwenguni wanaweza kujiunga na...

Kufikia rekodi hii, Cardano ina takriban vigezo 30 vya mtandao. Vigezo hivi ni taratibu zinazodhibiti jinsi Blockchain ya Cardano inavyofanya kazi. **Leo tunazungumza juu ya parameta ya amana ya hifadhi ya hisa. Cardano, tofauti na Bitcoin, ni kizuizi cha Uthibitisho wa Hisa. Kwenye bitcoin, blockchain inalindwa na vifaa vya gharama kubwa vya kompyuta kwa kutumia umeme mwingi. Mashine hizi zinasambazwa katika sayari nzima. Kila wakati data mpya inahitaji kuhifadhiwa, makubaliano ya 51% au zaidi yanahitajika kati ya mtandao huu wa...

Kufikia rekodi hii, Cardano ina takriban vigezo 30 vya mtandao. Vigezo hivi ni taratibu zinazodhibiti jinsi Blockchain ya Cardano inavyofanya kazi. **Leo tunazungumza kuhusu kigezo kinachoendesha shughuli nyingi za kila siku kwa mtandao wa Cardano na Jamii.** Kigezo hiki ni **‘urefu wa epoch.’** ## Epochs Kwanza, epoch ni nini? Kwa ufupi, epoch ni kitengo cha wakati. Epoch za dunia ni vipindi vya kijiolojia vinavyopimwa katika makumi ya maelfu ya miaka. Kwa sasa tuko katika epoch ya dunia ya Anthropocene, ambayo...

Kufikia rekodi hii, Cardano ina takriban vigezo 30 vya mtandao. Vigezo ni taratibu zinazodhibiti jinsi Blockchain ya Cardano inavyofanya kazi. Leo tunazungumza juu ya kigezo kinachoathiri kila mmiliki wa ada anayetaka kuchangia kikamilifu usalama wa Cardano. Kigezo chetu leo ​​ni kigezo cha amana. Kabla ya kufafanua kigezo hiki, hebu tuweke hatua: Cardano ni blockchain ya uthibitisho wa hisa. Hii ina maana kwamba ili kushiriki katika kuweka mtandao salama, huna haja ya kununua vifaa maalum vya kompyuta - unahitaji tu kupata...

Kufikia uchapishaji huu, Cardano ina takriban vigezo 30 vya mtandao. Vigezo ni taratibu zinazodhibiti JINSI GANI Blockchain ya Cardano inavyofanya kazi. Vigezo vingine vimekuwepo tangu Cardano ilipozinduliwa. Baadhi ya vigezo, kama vile vigezo vya ugatuaji tulivyojadili katika Kipindi cha 1, huondolewa. Wakati mwingine vigezo vipya huongezwa. Hata mara nyingi zaidi, thamani ya vigezo inabadilishwa. **Kigezo chetu cha leo ni nambari ya epoch**. Kigezo hiki huambia mfumo wakati mabadiliko mengine ya parameta yanapaswa kuanza kutumika. Katika Cardano, mabadiliko mengi hutokea mwanzoni...

Of all the parameters guiding Cardano, few spark as much debate as **optimal_pool_count** — better known as k. Cardano has over 40 parameters shaping its security, performance, and governance. So why does k get so much attention? ### What is optimal_pool_count (k)? The **optimal_pool_count (k)** is a protocol parameter that defines the ideal minimum number of stake pools to efficiently run the Cardano network. It enforces this ideal minimum by influencing how delegation incentives are structured. In a proof-of-work (PoW)...

In September 2024 Cardano bootstrapped its efforts to transition to on-chain governance with the Chang hardfork major software update. Since September there’s been a number of additional big milestones including: * 50 global workshops to co-create a constitution * A constitution convention in Argentina and Kenya * A second hardfork to enable Cardano holders to propose 7 different types of governance changes, including proposing withdrawals from the treasury. * Intersect and Pragma, which are two Cardano Members-Based Organizations, create two...

## 2025: The Completion of Cardano’s Original Roadmap This year marks the completion of Cardano’s original development roadmap. Since the beginning, Cardano’s progress has been guided by its three founding entities. These entities defined the roadmap and set the network’s parameters based on rigorous research. Parameters are the settings that define how the blockchain operates. Over the years, some parameters have been adjusted. In some cases, the changes were part of the original plan—like the gradual phasing out of the...